Understanding autism: Rethinking functioning labels and linear spectrums

The autism spectrum is often misunderstood. Many people think of it as a straight line, where someone can be “a little autistic” or “very autistic.”

However, autism is far more complex than that. It varies greatly from person to person and even within the same person over time.

In this blog post, we will explore why functioning labels like “high-functioning” or “low-functioning” are unhelpful and how our environments can significantly impact autistic people.

Autism is Not a Linear Spectrum

Autism is a spectrum, but not in the way you might think. It’s not a straight line from less autistic to more autistic. Instead, think of it as a colour wheel, with different colours representing different traits and abilities. Each autistic person has their own unique combination of these traits.

Here’s a quote that captures this well:

“For me, what is of essential importance is the impact that being autistic has on a person at any given time. This can range from horrifically negative right through to sublimely positive – and sometimes both can be found in the same individual. So, if this dramatic difference can be seen at different times in the same person – what ‘grade’ is that person? Clearly, this is where the whole notion of ‘autism severity’ crumbles.” (Beardon, 2017, p. 10)

Why Functioning Labels are unhelpful

Labels like “high-functioning” or “low-functioning” are often used to describe autistic people. However, these labels are not only unhelpful but also misleading. They oversimplify the complex autism spectrum.

For example, someone labelled as “high-functioning” might be able to hold a job but struggle with sensory overload in busy places. Conversely, someone labelled as “low-functioning” might

have difficulty with daily tasks but excel in a particular skill.

Functioning labels fail to capture the full picture. They can create unnecessary barriers and misconceptions, leading people to misunderstand or underestimate an autistic person’s abilities and needs.

The Impact of Environment

The environment plays a crucial role in the lives of autistic people. A supportive and understanding environment can help an autistic person thrive, while a stressful or overwhelming one can make things much harder.

Positive Environments

In a positive environment, autistic people can use their strengths and manage their challenges more effectively. For example:

• Quiet Spaces: Many autistic people are sensitive to noise. Providing quiet spaces at work or school or university can help them concentrate better.
• Clear Communication: Using clear, straightforward language can make a big difference in helping autistic people understand and follow instructions.
• Predictable Routines: Having a predictable routine can reduce anxiety for many autistic people.

Negative Environments

On the other hand, a negative environment can exacerbate challenges and hinder an autistic person’s ability to function. For instance:

• Sensory Overload: Busy, noisy, or bright environments can be overwhelming and lead to sensory overload, causing significant distress.
• Unclear Expectations: When expectations are not clear, it can create confusion and anxiety.
• Lack of Support: Without proper support and understanding, autistic people might struggle to cope with daily tasks and social interactions.

Moving Beyond Labels

Instead of relying on reductive labels, we should focus on understanding and supporting the unique needs and strengths of each individual. This approach recognises the full range of autistic experiences and fosters a more inclusive and compassionate society.

Here are some ways we can move beyond labels:

• Listen and Learn: Take the time to listen to autistic people and learn from their experiences.
• Avoid Assumptions: Don’t assume someone’s abilities or needs based on labels. Everyone is different.
• Provide Support: Offer support tailored to the individual’s needs, whether it’s through accommodations at work, school, or in social settings.
• Raise Awareness: Educate others about the full spectrum of autism and the importance of understanding and acceptance.

Conclusion

Autism cannot be neatly categorised by linear spectrums or functioning labels. Each autistic person has a unique combination of traits, and their abilities and needs can change over time and in different environments. By focusing on understanding and supporting each individual, we can help create a more inclusive and compassionate world for everyone.